Senna tora (L.) Roxb.

Native to:

Belize, El Salvador

Introduced into:

Alabama, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Inner Mongolia, Jawa, Korea, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Manchuria, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritania, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Socotra, Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zaïre

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• (2020). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26958715. epublication.
• Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
• Barua, K.N. & Khatry, P.K. (2009). Alien forest weeds in upper Brahmaputra valler and hill zones of Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 414-422.
• Berhaut, J. (1975). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 4: 1-625. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
• Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
• Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
• Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Filimban, F.Z. & al. (2014). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXX. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71: 117-132.
• Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
• Goodwin, Z.A. & al. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101: 1-119.
• ILDIS (2010-continuously updated). ILDIS - International Legume Database & Information Service http://www.ildis.org/.
• Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
• Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
• Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
• Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
• Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
• Lorence, D.H. & Wagnwe, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
• MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
• Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
• Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
• Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
• Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
• S.Calderon & P.C.Standley (1944). Lista Preliminar de las plantas de El Salvador, ed. 2: 1-450. Ediciones culturales de la universidad de El Salvador.
• Singh, A. (2012). Exotic flora of the Chandauli district Uttar Pradesh, India: an overview. Indian Journal of Forestry 35: 79-84.
• Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
• Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
• Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
• Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
• Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
• Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
• Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
• FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
• GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
• GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
• Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
• Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
• PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
• RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
• RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
• Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
• Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

International Legume Database and Information Service

• Ali, S. I. (1973). Flora of Pakistan, No. 54 Caesalpiniaceae. Karachi:Univ Karac
• Ambasta, S. P. (1986). The useful plants of India
• Baker, J. G. (1877). Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles
• Batorova, S. & al. (1989). Rasteniya tibetskoi meditzyny... Novosibisk. (Rus)
• De Wit, H. (1955). Webbia 11: 197-292. A revision of the genus Cassia...
• DeWit, H. C. D. (1955). Webbia 11:197-292. Revision of Gen. Cassia as occ. in Malaysia
• Du Puy, D. J. et al. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar. RBG Kew.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & Long, D. G. (1987). Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 1. (Part 3). Edinburgh: RBG
• Haines, H. H. (1908). The Forest Flora of Chota Nagpur
• Hotta, M et al (1989). Sekai Yuhyou-shokubutu(Useful Pls. of World) Heibonsha. Tokyo
• Jain, S. K. (1991). Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany
• Larsen, K. et al (1980). In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam, Vol 18. A.
• Larsen, K. et al. (1984). Flora of Thailand, Vol 4 Part 1. In: T. Smithinand & K. Larsen
• Mitsuhashi, H (1988). Illustrated Medicinal Plants of the World. Hokuryukan. Tokyo.
• Pavlova, N. S. (1989). Fabaceae. In Plantae... Orientis Extremi. Vol. 4. Leningrad(Rus)
• Robertson, S. A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Kew
• Roskov, Yu. R. (1997). Editing data for CD publication.
• Rudd, V. E. (1991). Flora of Ceylon 7: 34-107. Caesalpinioideae
• Senaratna, L. K. (2001). A check list of the flowering plants of Sri Lanka. Colombo.
• Singh, V. (2001). Monograph on Indian Subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae)
• Srivastava, T. N. (1976). Flora Gorakhpurensis
• Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
• Varma, S. K. (1981). Flora of Bhagalpur. Dicotyledons
• Verdcourt, B. (1979). A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae, PNG