Platymiscium trinitatis Benth.

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 250 - 250 m.; Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena.

Morphology General Habit

Árbol

Conservation

No Evaluada

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular

garrapato

International Legume Database and Information Service

Conservation

Not Threatened

Morphology General Habit

Perennial, Not climbing, Tree

Vernacular

Macacauba

Klitgaard, B. (2005). Platymiscium (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae): Biogeography Systematics, Morphology, Taxonomy and Uses. Kew Bulletin, 60(3), 321-400. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4111062

Type

Trinidad. Purdie 36 (lectotype K; isolectotype K; photos of lectotype C, F, GH, NY, S).

Morphology General Habit

Tree 10 - 30 m tall, 20 - 40 cm in diameter; bark grey- brown, deeply fissured to form rectangular or square blocks, outer bark 5 mm thick, inner bark 5 mm thick, fibrous; slash exudes a cream-coloured sap which oxidises red; wood white when young, rose-brown coloured when mature, very hard; internodes of juvenile branches usually solid

Morphology Leaves

Leaves opposite, (3 -)5 - 7(- 9)-foliolate; vegetative parts glabrous; leaf axis 5 - 14 cm long, including a petiole 2.5 - 6 cm long; stipules broadly to narrowly triangular, 4- 15 x 2 - 4 mm, caducous; stipels intermixed with food bodies sometimes present at petiolule bases, the stipels appear as "miniature stipules" or as small hair tufts; leaflets narrowly to broadly elliptic, distal leaflet often larger than others, 4 - 11(- 25) x 2.5 - 6 (- 10) cm, base rounded, apex acuminate, veinlets in areoles with sharp edges, not intermixed with dots, primary vein flush with to prominent on upper surface, upper surface glossy, dark green, lower surface dull green

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Samara elliptic, 5.5 - 9(- 11) x 2.5 - 4.5(- 5) cm, base and apex rounded, glabrous; stipe to 20 mm long; exocarp cream coloured, papery at maturity; seed 2 - 2.5 x 1 - 1.25 cm.

Note

Realising that Platymiscium trinitatis Benth. and P. duckei Huber were related, Ducke (1925) wrote: "P. duckei Huber doit etre tres proche de P. trinitatis Benth., j'ignore quelles sont les differences". In their treatment for Venezuela, Enrech & Agostini (1987) synonymised P. duckei under P. trinitatis. Several varieties of P. duckei and varieties of P. trinitatis have been recognised since then.

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

Klitgaard, B. (2005). Platymiscium (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae): Biogeography Systematics, Morphology, Taxonomy and Uses. Kew Bulletin, 60(3), 321-400. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4111062

Type

Brazil. Pará: Obidos, campo firme do Cicandatuba, Fazenda S. Jose, 4 Jan. 1916, Ducke 15926 (flowering) (lectotype RB; isolectotypes BM, F (fragment), MG, R, US; photo F, MO; paralectotypes: same loc. as Ducke 15926, 26 July 1912, Ducke 12073 (BM, F (fragment), G, MG, P, RB, US; photo F).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescences one to several per leaf axil, of short, dense, erect, axillary, simple 20 - 40-flowered racemes (occasionally with secondary branching); inflorescence axis thick, smooth, with villous- tomentose indumentum, to 8 cm long including a c. 0.5 cm long peduncle; bracts ovate, 2 - 3 x 1 - 2 mm, basally tomentose, apically glabrate, persistent after flower fall; bracteoles ovate, 1.5 x 0.5 mm, often connate basally, tomentose, persistent after flower fall

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Flowers 10 - 15 mm long, robust, pedicellate; pedicels 2 - 6 mm long, tomentose, not articulated at calyx base, ending in a knob-shaped apex, persistent some time after flower fall; calyx bell-shaped, 5 - 6 mm long, robust, glabrate, margins ciliate, base attenuate, 5-toothed, abaxial three teeth triangular, acute, adaxial two almost totally fused, obtuse; corolla yellow; standard orbicular, apex emarginate, 12 - 13 x 10 mm, short-clawed, with dark brown nectar guide; wing petals 13 - 14 x 5 - 6 mm, short-clawed; keel petals 13 - 14 x 5 mm, lower margins fused, ciliate along free part of lower margins; stamen filaments fused progressively higher abaxially; anthers monomorphic; ovary long-stipitate, ciliate along upper suture.

Distribution

The main distribution is in Brazil in the State of Pará, with extensions into the States of Amazonas and Maranhão, and to Guyana.

Ecology

In humid forest on terra firme and in várzea forest, from sea level to about 100 m.

Phenology

Flowering has been recorded from October to February, and fruit set has been recorded in November.

Conservation

VU A3cd - vulnerable because of a population size reduction of 30% over the next 10 years due to a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, and due to actual and potential levels of exploitation.

Vernacular

Macacaúba, Macacaúba da terra firme, Macacaúba vermelha, Macacaúba preta, Jacarandá, Louro vermelha (Brazil); Wara-War (Guyana).

Note

On the border between the Brazilian States of Maranhão and Ceará, Platymiscium trinitatis var. nigrum occurs sympatrically with P. floribundum var. obtusifolium, and there is a variation in characters that may have resulted from hybridisation. This may be a parallel phenomenon to the one assumed to be taking place in Venezuela between infraspecific taxa of P. pinnatum and P. trinitatis. The collection Dahlgren s.n. (F, GH) from Ceará may well represent such a hybrid between P. floribundum var. obtusifolium and P. trinitatis var. nigrum.

Klitgaard, B. (2005). Platymiscium (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae): Biogeography Systematics, Morphology, Taxonomy and Uses. Kew Bulletin, 60(3), 321-400. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4111062

Type

Brazil. State Amazonas: "Ad ostium Flumium Teffe", Sept. 1904, Ducke 6727 (lectotype MG (flowering sheet); isolectotypes F, MG (fruiting sheet), RB; photo of lectotype AAU, F).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescences 1 - 3 per leaf axil, of dense, erect to pendulous, axillary, simple up to 100-flowered racemes (occasionally with secondary branching); inflorescence axis thick, furrowed, tomentose, 10 - 14 cm long including a c. 1 cm long peduncle; bracts ovate, 1 x 0.5 mm, tomentose, caducous before flower fall; bracteoles ovate, 2 - 3 x 1 - 2 mm, tomentose, often persistent for some time after anthesis

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Flowers 14 - 17 mm long, slender, pedicellate; pedicels 2 - 7 mm long, tomentose, articulated at calyx base, persistent after flower fall; calyx bell-shaped, 5 - 7 mm long, delicate, tomentose, base tapered, 5-toothed, adaxial three teeth triangular, acute, adaxial two almost totally fused, acute; corolla yellow; standard orbicular, 11 - 15 x 8 - 10 mm, apex emarginate, short-clawed, sometimes with a brown nectar guide; wing petals 10 - 15 x 4 - 5 mm, short-clawed; keel petals 12 - 14 x 4- 5 mm, fused along lower margins, ciliate along free part of lower margins and along upper part of claws; stamen filaments fused progressively higher abaxially; anthers monomorphic; ovary long-stipitate, tomentose along upper margin of suture.

Distribution

The main distribution is centred in the States of Pará, Amazonas and Maranhão in Brazil; but the taxon extends to French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, the Department of San Martin in Peru, and the Department of Amazonas in Colombia.

Ecology

In primary or secondary rain forest on terra firme or in várzea (seasonally flooded), recorded from savanna in Guyana, from sea level to c. 400 m.

Phenology

Flowering has been recorded in January and September in Brazil, in September in Colombia, in October in Peru, in September in Surinam, in February in Guyana, and in August in French Guiana. Alenar et al. (1979) report var. duckei as flowering primarily from August to November, and as fruiting from September to December, which agrees with the information obtained from collection labels.

Conservation

VU A3cd - vulnerable because of a population size reduction of 30% over the next 10 years due to a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, and due to actual and potential levels of exploitation.

Vernacular

Macacaúba da terra firme (Amazonas, Brazil); Macacaúba (Amazonas, Brazil); Guarapiranga (Maranhão, Brazil); Koenatepi (Surinam).

Note

The two collections by Ducke with the herbarium numbers Herb. Amaz. Mus. Pará 11852 and Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio 5583, are both herbarium collections of material grown in the Botanic Garden of Museu Goeldi in Belém. They are both cited in Ducke's (1925) description of Platymiscium duckei var. duckei. The lectotype of Platymiscium duckei var. durum was selected from the following syntypes cited by Ducke (1925): Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio (collected by A. Ducke) no. 11556, no. 11558, no. 17214, no. 17205, and Herb. Amazon. Mus. Pará no. 9183. Ducke (1925) mentioned in his description of P. duckei var. durum that the collection H. J. B. R. 17205 is transitional to P. duckei var. nigrum because of the hairy calyces. It is, however, here considered as belonging to var. nigrum.

Use

The beautiful wood is used for making luxury furniture, for cabinet making, and for billiard cues.

Use

One of the most valuable Amazonian woods (Amazonas, Brazil); used to make furniture (Maranhão, Brazil). "This species has one of the most beautiful woods found in the Amazon", Huber (1910) wrote in his original description of Platymiscium duckei.