Calopogonium Desv.

Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971

Morphology General Habit

Herbaceous or woody climbers or trailers

Morphology Leaves

Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipels present

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Flowers blue or violet, small, in fascicles arranged in short to long axillary nodose pseudo-racemes, or in axillary subsessile fascicles; bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Calyx campanulate or shortly tubular, 5-lobed, the upper pair free or ± connate to form a 2-toothed lip

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Standard obovate, auriculate at the base, the auricles inflexed; wings narrow, adhering to the obtuse keel

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens

Vexillary stamen free; anthers mostly 8–9, all similar

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil

Ovary sessile, many-ovuled; style filiform or subulate, usually ± incurved, glabrous or pubescent; stigma terminal, capitate

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Pods linear or linear-oblong, ± compressed, 2-valved, dehiscent, mostly septate between the seeds, the outer surface transversely furrowed, giving the pod the appearance that it might break into segments

Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds

Seeds compressed-globose or oblong.

Legumes of the World. Edited by G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. MacKinder & M. Lock. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2005)

Habit

Herbs or scandent subshrubs

Ecology

Seasonally dry tropical and subtropical forest, woodland or thicket, often on margins, usually near rivers or swamps, or in bushland, shrubland and disturbed grassy areas

Distribution

America (Mexico, C America and Caribbean to Paraguay and Argentina). 1 sp. widely introduced in the Palaeotropics

Note

Calopogonium and Pachyrhizus were traditionally placed in the Diocleinae, but molecular evidence (Bruneau et al., 1995; Doyle et al., 2000) puts these genera in the Glycininae; Lee & Hymowitz (2001) place Calopogonium sister to Cologania, while Doyle et al. (2003) resolved Calopogonium as sister to Neonotonia and Teyleria, and these three as sister to Cologania

Previous accounts of the Phaseoleae by Baudet (1978) and Lackey (1981) recognised 90 and 84 genera and c. 1540 and 1480 species respectively in the tribe. In an equivalent, i.e. traditionally held view of Phaseoleae, 89 genera and (1554)–1567–(1580) species are treated here (Table 9; Fig. 47). Changes between Baudet (1978) and this treatment are that eleven genera are now in synonymy or have subsequently been placed in Millettieae, two genera have been transferred from Desmodieae and eight new genera have been added. Vigna has traditionally been thought to comprise some 150–200 species, but Vigna sens. strict. may contain fewer than 100.

Recent molecular analyses of the tribe, however, have emphasised both the polyphyletic and paraphyletic nature of Phaseoleae as traditionally circumscribed (Bruneau & Doyle, 1990; Doyle & Doyle, 1993; Delgado Salinas et al., 1993; Bruneau et al., 1995; Doyle et al., 1997, 2000; Kajita et al., 2001; Goel et al., 2001; Lee & Hymowitz, 2001). This has required a radical realignment of elements of the phaseoloids (Table 9; Fig. 47), with at least two major clades being evident: Phaseoleae subtribes Diocleinae and Ophrestiinae which together with tribe Abreae are allied to the core-Millettieae (Fig. 45), and the remaining groups comprising a Phaseoleae sens. lat. clade. The rbcL phylogeny of Kajita et al. (2001) and the ITS analysis of Hu et al. (2002) are equivocal as to which clade subtribe Clitoriinae belongs. Phaseoleae sens. lat. also includes two traditionally independent tribes, the Desmodieae and Psoraleeae. Delimiting a recircumscribed Phaseoleae sens. strict is thus very problematic. A solution may be to recognise a broad tribe Phaseoleae, comprising the subtribes Kennediinae, Cajaninae, Phaseolinae and Glycininae, assorted basally branching genera, and tribes Desmodieae and Psoraleeae (both treated at subtribal level).