Sasa Makino & Shibata

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Morphology General Habit

Perennial. Rhizomes elongated; leptomorph. Culms erect; robust (4/6), or slender (1/6), or weak (1/6); 5-122.8-300 cm long; woody. Culm-internodes unequal, the lower longer (1/1); terete. Culm-nodes constricted (1/13), or flush with internodes (1/13), or swollen (11/13). Lateral branches lacking (6), or sparse (3), or ample (7), or suffrutescent (33), or dendroid (10). Branch complement one (52/52), or three (3/52); solitary (50/52), or in a horizontal line (2/52); as thick as stem (42/42). Culm-sheaths persistent (38/39), or deciduous (1/39); without auricles (28/32), or auriculate (4/32). Culm-sheath blade linear (2/15), or lanceolate (11/15), or ovate (1/15), or triangular (3/15). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (55), or falcate (3). Ligule an eciliate membrane (55), or a ciliolate membrane (3). Leaf-blade base with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath. Leaf-blades linear (1), or lanceolate (34), or elliptic (6), or oblong (41), or ovate (2); herbaceous (52), or chartaceous (3), or coriaceous (3). Leaf-blade venation without cross veins (47), or with distinct cross veins (11).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence a panicle (33/36), or composed of racemes (2/36), or comprising only a few spikelets (1/36); exserted (35/36), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (1/36). Panicle open (33/33). Racemes single (2/2). Spikelets solitary (36/36). Fertile spikelets pedicelled (36/36).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets comprising 3-6-11 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex (36/36). Spikelets linear (31/36), or lanceolate (3/36), or oblong (14/36); laterally compressed (36/36); 8-25.6-80 mm long; breaking up at maturity (36/36); disarticulating below each fertile floret (36/36). Rhachilla internodes glabrous (16/36), or pubescent (18/36), or pilose (2/36).

Fertile

Spikelets comprising 3-6-11 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex (36/36). Spikelets linear (31/36), or lanceolate (3/36), or oblong (14/36); laterally compressed (36/36); 8-25.6-80 mm long; breaking up at maturity (36/36); disarticulating below each fertile floret (36/36). Rhachilla internodes glabrous (16/36), or pubescent (18/36), or pilose (2/36).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume

Glumes one the lower absent or obscure (3/36), or two (34/36), or several (1/36); persistent (36/36); shorter than spikelet (36/36); thinner than fertile lemma (34/36), or similar to fertile lemma in texture (2/36). Lower glume linear (3/35), or lanceolate (30/35), or ovate (2/35); 0.25-0.475-0.75 length of upper glume; scarious (32/32); without keels (32/32); 1 -veined (5/9), or 2 -veined (1/9), or 3 -veined (4/9), or 7-9 -veined (1/9). Lower glume lateral veins absent (5/35), or obscure (1/35), or distinct (30/35). Lower glume surface glabrous (27/35), or pubescent (4/35), or pilose (4/35). Lower glume apex acute (16/35), or acuminate (18/35), or cuspidate (1/35). Upper glume linear (2/35), or lanceolate (14/35), or ovate (19/35); 0.3-0.35-0.4 length of adjacent fertile lemma; scarious (32/32); without keels (32/32); 1 -veined (2/10), or 3 -veined (4/10), or 5 -veined (2/10), or 6 -veined (1/10), or 7 -veined (3/10), or 8-9 -veined (1/10). Upper glume surface glabrous (29/36), or pubescent (3/36), or pilose (4/36). Upper glume apex acute (17/35), or acuminate (18/35).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Fertile lemma ovate (36/36); chartaceous (36/36); without keel (36/36); 9 -veined (5/17), or 11 -veined (6/17), or 12 -veined (3/17), or 13 -veined (7/17), or 14-15 -veined (2/17). Lemma surface smooth (30/36), or asperulous (1/36), or scaberulous (1/36), or scabrous (4/36); glabrous (34/36), or puberulous (1/36), or pubescent (1/36). Lemma margins eciliate (18/36), or ciliolate (10/36), or ciliate (10/36). Lemma apex acute (13/36), or acuminate (22/36), or setaceously attenuate (1/36), or cuspidate (1/36); muticous (35/36), or mucronate (1/36). Palea 0.9-0.9875-1 length of lemma; 6 -veined (1/16), or 7 -veined (2/16), or 8 -veined (8/16), or 9 -veined (3/16), or 10 -veined (7/16), or 11-13 -veined (1/16). Palea keels smooth (35/36), or scaberulous (1/36); eciliate (15/36), or pubescent (1/36), or ciliolate (7/36), or ciliate (13/36). Palea surface glabrous (31/36), or puberulous (1/36), or pubescent (3/36), or pilose (1/36). Palea apex dentate (4/4); muticous (28/36), or with excurrent keel veins (7/36), or awned (1/36). Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped (36/36).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Lodicules 3 (36/36); glabrous (17/36), or ciliate (19/36); obtuse (3/10), or acute (7/10). Anthers 3 (1/36), or 6 (35/36). Stigmas 2 (4/36), or 3 (32/36).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (35/35); ellipsoid (2/5), or oblong (3/5), or ovoid (1/5); apex unappendaged (35/35).

Distribution

Europe (2), or Temperate Asia, or Australasia (2).